Redescription of the enigmatic long-tailed rat Sigmodontomys aphrastus (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) with comments on taxonomy and natural history
نویسندگان
چکیده
—Sigmodontomys aphrastus, the long-tailed rat, is an exceedingly rare rodent species from montane regions of Central and South America of which very little is known ecologically or systematically. It has been variously placed in the genera Oryzomys, Nectomys, and Sigmodontomys based on the five previously known specimens. Two new individuals were collected in northwestern Costa Rica’s Cordillera de Tilarán. These new specimens and the other five known specimens are used to redescribe the species, detail measurements of external and cranial morphology, and compare S. aphrastus to similarly appearing sympatric species (Nephelomys albigularis and N. devius) and proposed closely related species (Sigmodontomys alfari, Mindomys hammondi, and Melanomys caliginosus). New ecological data is presented and the general knowledge of its natural history is summarized. The phylogenetic relatedness of S. aphrastus with purported sister taxa remains unresolved until combined molecular and morphological analyses are conducted. Resumen.—Sigmodontomys aphrastus, la rata de cola larga, es una especie rara de rodedor de las montañas de America Central y Sur de la cual se conoce muy poco acerca de su ecologı́a y sistemática. Esta especie ha sido clasificada en el género Oryzomys, Nectomys, y Sigmodontomys basado en solo cinco especı́menes. Dos nuevos individuos fueron recolectados en el noreste de Costa Rica en la Cordillera de Tilarán. Estos dos nuevos especı́menes y junto con los cinco anteriores son usados a describir nuevamente la especie, detallar sus medidas morfométricas externas y craneales, y comparar S. aphrastus con especies simpátricas similares (Nephelomys albigularis and N. devius) y especies que han sido propuestas como dentro del mismo clado (Sigmodontomys alfari, Mindomys hammondi, y Melanomys caliginosus). Presentamos nuevos datos ecológicos y resumimos el conocimiento de su historia natural. La relación filogenética de S. aphrastus con las especies propuestas como del mismo clado no sera resuelto hasta que analisis moleculares y morfologicos sean llevados a cabo. * Corresponding author. PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 120(2):117–136. 2007.
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